Bunions
Also known as Hallux Abducto Valgus, a bunion is a bony lump that forms at the base of the big toe. A bunion develops when the big toe shifts towards the other toes, causing the joint to protrude on the inside of the foot.
Causes:
Bunions can have a genetic component but may also result from external pressure pushing the big toe out of its natural alignment. Common causes include:
- Family history (inherited joint instability)
- Narrow or pointed shoes
- Slip-on footwear or dress boots
- Gait (the way you walk)
- Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Signs & Symptoms:
- Bulging bump on the inside of the foot at the base of the big toe
- Pain or stiffness
- Difficulty fitting into shoes
- Swelling
- Reduced ability to move or bend the big toe
- Corns or callus
- Red or inflamed skin over the bunion
- Claw, hammer or mallet toes
- Numbness
Treatment:
Bunions are progressive, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing their progression.
Management options include:
- Wearing wider shoes around the toes to relieve pressure and prevent crowding
- Orthotics
Toe props or spacers to separate rubbing toes - Symptom management, such as treating corns and callus between the toes
- Referral to a surgeon to discuss options such as bunion correction surgery
